Fuzzy Model for Estimation of the State-of-Charge of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

A fuzzy model was established to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles. The robust Gustafson-Kessel (GK) clustering algorithm based on clustering validity indices was applied to identify the structure and antecedent parameters of the model. The least squares algorithm was utilized to determine the consequent parameters. Validation results show that this model can provide accurate SOC estimation for the lithium-ion battery and satisfy the requirement for practical electric vehicle applications.