Abstract: After the founding of PRC,primary and secondary education quickly made remarkable achievements,but the disequilibrium in education development was also exposed. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Education,the education department of Shanghai Municipality properly handled the "1953 enrolment crisis". After the crisis,the lessons became experience. Primary and secondary education continued to move forward in the contradictions between "surplus" and "development". The continued surplus of graduates promoted the transformation of "labor education" from concept to practice. No matter at the national level or in Shanghai, the range of labor education and propaganda was expanding. Labor education became normalized at the practical level.