中国法院对重整计划强制批准的问题与解决

    Problems and Solutions for Chinese Courts Using Compulsory Confirmation System on Bankruptcy Reorganization Plan

    • 摘要: 法院对重整计划的强制批准是破产法中的核心法律制度,“供给侧结构性改革”推动了法院对重整计划强制批准的司法适用。中国法院对这一“舶来”法律制度的司法适用存在诸多问题:严重的社会本位主义、盲目过高的适用比例、与正常批准的关系颠倒、缺乏全面的审查规定、对普通债权人的保护不利等。要回归法院强制批准正确的司法功能,确保中国法院对重整计划强制批准的正当适用,就必须借鉴《联合国破产法立法指南》及域外的立法,结合2018年最高院《破产审判会议纪要》“审慎适用”规定,从理论、立法和司法层面寻求对问题的解决途径包括充分认识法院强制批准权力的属性、正确定位正常批准和强制批准的关系、修订完善强制批准的实体审查条件、合理构建强制批准的审查程序等。法院对重整计划强制批准问题的解决有助于中国《企业破产法》的修订完善。

       

      Abstract: It is a core legal system in bankruptcy law that a court uses compulsory confirmation of bankruptcy plans; "supply-side structural reform" promotes the judicial progress of China's compulsory confirmation of reorganization plans. However, for this borrowed legal system, there are some problems with its judicial application:serious socialism, blind application and exorbitant applicable ratio, confusion with ordinary permission, absence of overall examination criterions and unfavorable protection of ordinary creditors, etc. In order to restore the judicial function of the court on compulsory confirmation system and ensure the appropriate application in China, it is necessary to use "UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law" and related provisions in other jurisdictions for reference, combine the articles of "cautious application" in "Minutes of the National Court Work Conference on Bankruptcy Trials(2018)" issued by Chinese Supreme Court, so as to fully understand the courts' power of compulsory confirmation from legislative, theoretical and judicial aspects, properly arrange the logical relationship of compulsory confirmation and normal confirmation, completely amend the substantial examination criterions of cram-down, properly design procedural examination criterions of compulsory confirmation, etc. The solving of those problems of compulsory confirmation will contribute to the amendment of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law.

       

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