Abstract: Oil mobilization is an important part of national economy mobilization. With reference to the concept of national economy mobilization chain, this paper provides the implication of oil mobilization chain. Then through analysing the structure of oil industry chain, introducing refined oil logistics system and summarizing potential sources of refined oil mobilization, it builds the structure of China oil mobilization chain. In order to guide the practice better, the chain emphasizes the cooperation between oil enterprises under dangerous situation, government’s macroeconomic control role in oil mobilization and the dynamic restoration ability of the chain. At last, it analyses specific implementation process of the oil mobilization based on the oil mobilization chain. The research contributes to clarify oil mobilization approach, improve the efficiency of oil mobilization, and ensure that the national economic mobilization task is smoothly executed.